He aha te Hiranga o ngā Pūnaha Whakahauora i roto i ngā Waka Kawe Manu
1. Te Whawhai ki te Kaikōhuru Kāore e Kitea: Te Ārai i te Taumahatanga Wera me te Hyperthermia
(Whakaahua: He tirohanga kāmera whakaahua wera e whakaatu ana i te wera kino e puta mai ana (ngā wāhi whero/kōwhai) i roto i te wāhanga wakatō heihei kāore i te pai te hau, he rerekē ki ngā wāhi matao (kikorangi/kākāriki) e tata ana ki ngā pūhaumāota mahi.)
He tino pāngia ngā manu e te ahotea wera nā ō rātou huruhuru, te tere tere o te pākia o te tinana, me te iti o te kaha ki te werawera. I roto i te wakatō e tū ana, e neke ana rānei, ka tere te whakakotahitanga o te wera o te tinana, te hihi o te rā, me ngā pāmahana teitei o te taiao. Ki te kore he whakawhiti hau pumau, whai hua:
He tere te kohikohi wera:Ka tere te wera o te tinana o ngā rau, o ngā mano rānei o ngā manu ki te taupoki i te wāhi kua kati. Ka taea e te pāmahana te piki ake i te 10-20°F (5-11°C) i runga ake i te taiao i roto i ngā meneti, ina koa ka tū tonu, ka puhoi rānei te haere o te waka.
He tere, he kino hoki ngā hua:Ka nui te manawa o ngā manu, ka wherahia ō rātou parirau, ka whakaiti i ā rātou mahi, ka whakawhāiti i a rātou anō kia matara atu i ngā pūtake wera (he maha ngā wā ka puranga, ka whakamomori). Mēnā ka roa te wā e pāngia ana, ka hua ake te hyperthermia (te pāmahana o te tinana), te ngoikore o ngā okana, me te mate. Ka tino piki ake ngā reiti mate i te wā e kawe ana i ngā manu i te rangi wera, ahakoa i ngā haerenga poto noa iho.
Ko te hauhautanga te parenga matua:Ka tangohia e te pūnaha hauhautanga kua hoahoatia pai te wera kua pūmau.Mā te hau e neke ana ka puta te mātao,ka tino whakanui ake i te tirohanga a ngā manu ki te whakamatao.Ka whakakapia te hau wera, mākū o roto e te whakawhiti hau ki te hau mātao, maroke o waho.He mea nui te hauhautanga ā-mīhini (ngā pā hau) i tua atu i ngā hauhautanga ngāwari noa i ngā āhuarangi wera, i ngā wakatō kī tonu rānei. Mā te hauhautanga tika ka tangohia te wera i mua i te kino.
2. Te Whakamāmā i te Hau: Te Tango i ngā Hau Whakamate, te Makuku, me te Puehu
(Whakaahua: He tirohanga tata i roto i te wakatō: Te makuku e whakatōtō ana i runga i ngā pakitara e tata ana ki te pūaha kua āraia, te puehu/kirikiri e kitea ana i runga i ngā mata, me te hoahoa e whakaatu ana i te haukini (NH3) e whakatōtō ana mai i te paru.)
Ka tere te poke o te hau i roto i te wakatō heihei kua utaina. He mea nui te hauhautanga pai hei tango i ēnei tūmomo mōrearea e kore e kitea:
Āmonia (NH3):He tere te whakaputa mai i te paru hou me te mimi, ā, he tino kaha te whakararuraru o te haukini. Ka puta i ngā taumata tiketike:
Te kino o te manawa:Ngā kanohi e mura ana, ngā ara ihu, te ara pūkahukahu, me ngā pēke hau, ka pāngia ngā manu e ngā mate manawa pēnei i te CRD.
Te Ārai Mate i Pehia:Ka ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate o ngā manu i te roanga o te wā e pāngia ana e te haukini.
Te mamae me te pōuri:Ka karo ngā manu i te takoto, ka rūrū ō rātou mahunga, ā, ka whakaatu i ngā tohu mārama o te mamae.
Te Hauhāora Waro (CO2) me te Hauhāora Waro (CO):Ka kohia te CO2 mai i te manawa o te manu, ā, ka eke ki ngā taumata whakamomori me te kore e whakawhiti. Ko te CO, he kaikōhuru puku, ka puta mai i ngā pūnaha putanga hau hapa e tata ana ki ngā putanga hau.
Te Makuku Nui rawa (Makuku):Ka tukuna e te manawa me te paru he nui te mamaoa wai. He nui te haumākū:
Ka whakararu i te mātao tūturu o ngā manu mā te hā (ka iti ake te wera e pupuri ana i te hau makuku).
Ka hanga para/moenga makuku, ka whakamatao i ngā manu, ka whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā pathogens me ngā raruraru ki ngā papa waewae.
Ka puta te hau mātao ki ngā pakitara/tuanui, ka maturuturu ki runga i ngā manu.
Puehu me te Kirikiri:Ka puta te puehu i te hau i ngā huruhuru manu, ngā pūtau kiri, me te paru maroke. Ko tēnei:
Ka kawe i ngā mate urutā (huaketo, huakita, harore).
Ka ārai i te pūnaha manawa o ngā manu.
Ka whakaiti i te tirohanga me te kounga o te hau mō ngā taraiwa e tirotiro ana i ngā manu.
Ka ārai pea i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga i a rātou anō.
Ka whakamāeneene te hauhautanga i ēnei poke, ka tangohia hoki,te whakakapi i te hau poke ki te hāora hou, te tiaki i te hauora o te manawa, me te ārai i te taiao paitini.
3. Te Pupuri i te Kotahitanga me te Whakamarie: Te Karo i ngā Āhuarangi Whakamate
(Whakaahua: He kauwhata, he whakaahua rānei e whakaatu ana i ngā tauira rere o te hau i roto i tētahi wakatō e pai ana te hau, e whakaatu ana i te nekehanga o te hau mai i ngā tomokanga ki ngā putanga, me te karo i ngā wāhi mate. Whakahāngaihia ki tētahi wakatō e tū ana.)
Ehara te wakatō i te pouaka ōrite. Ki te kore he hoahoa rere pai, me te kaha whakapūmau hoki, ka puta he āhuarangi morearea:
Ngā Rohe Mate/Ngā Pūkoro Hau Taumaha:Ko ngā wāhi kāore e nui te rere o te hau (he maha ngā kokonga, ngā pito, ngā wāhanga waenga rānei, kei runga i te hoahoa) ka noho hei mahanga mō te wera, te makuku, te haukini, me te CO2. Ka nui ake te mamae o ngā manu i ēnei rohe, ā, ka nui ake te mate me te hekenga o te pāmahana i aua wāhi.
Ngā tauira:Ahakoa he pai te nekehanga o te hau, ka taea e ngā hau makariri nui rawa, tika, (ina koa i ngā rangi makariri) te whakararuraru, te whakapūpū, te whakapūpū, me te ahotea. Mā te hoahoa hauhautanga tika ka whakamahia he ārai, he tomokanga rānei kua whakanohoia ki ngā wāhi rautaki hei hora i te hau me te ārai i ngā hau kino ki ngā manu.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Pāmahana me te Makuku:Tērā pea he rerekētanga nui o te pāmahana, o te haumākū rānei, mai i mua ki muri, mai i runga ki raro, mai i te taha ki te taha rānei. Ka neke noa atu ngā manu ki ngā rohe whakamarie e whakaarohia ana, ka hua ake he kīkī rawa i ētahi wāhi, ā, he mokemoke mōrearea i ētahi atu.
Mā te hauhautanga ka whakarite kia ōrite:Te kaha whakawhiti hau e tika ana me tengā tauira rere pai kua hoahoatiakia rite te āhua o te taiao puta noa i te kawenga. Ko te tikanga tēnei:
Te tohatoha pāmahana ōrite.
Te tango ōrite i ngā hau me te makuku.
Te ārai i ngā putunga haumākū nui ā-rohe, ngā putunga haukini nui rānei.
Ka whakaitihia te ahotea mai i te hauhautanga, i te hau pūmau rānei. Ka whai hua ia manu i tētahi taiao haumaru ake, pumau ake.
4. Kei tua atu i te Oranga: Te Tiaki i te Mahi, te Oranga, me te Kounga o te Tinana
(Pikitia: Ngā manu e okioki marie ana i runga i te moenga ma, maroke i roto i te wāhanga wakatō e pai ana te hau i te wā e kawe ana, e whakataurite ana ki ngā manu e ahotea ana, e hāngū ana i roto i te wāhanga kāore i te pai te hau.)
Ko te pānga o te hauhautanga whai hua he nui atu i te aukati i te mate tonu. He pānga tika ki te oranga o te manu, te whakaoranga ā-tinana, me te kounga o te hua whakamutunga:
Te Whakaiti i te Taumahatanga me te Whakapai Ake i te Oranga:He iti ake te ahotea o ngā manu e pāngia ana e te whakamarie wera me te hau ma. He marino ake rātou, he iti ake te tūponotanga ki te mataku, ki te noho puku rānei, ā, he pai ake te kaha ki te aro atu ki ngā ahotea o te kawe waka. He herenga matatika taketake tēnei.
Te Mahi Ārai Mate kua Tiakina:Mā te whakaiti i te ahotea wera me te pānga ki ngā taumata haukini/puehu teitei ka āwhina i te pupuri i te kaha ārai mate o ngā manu. Ka whakaitihia tēnei i te ngāwari ki te pāngia e ngā mate urutā i te wā e kawe ana, me muri hoki i te kawe, ā, ka hua ake he manu hauora ake e uru mai ana ki te pūnaha.
Te Kounga Mīti e Mau Ana:Ka tere te whakamahi a ngā manu i ngā rahui glycogen e te werawera, ka piki ake te pH o te uaua i muri i te matenga. Ko te hua o tēnei:
Mīti Mā, Ngāwari, Pupuhi (PSE):He tae mā kāore e hiahiatia ana, he kakano ngohengohe, me te maturuturunga nui – he nui ngā hapa kounga ka heke te uara.
Te Whakaiti i te Ora o te Pupuri.
Mā te hauhautanga pai ka pupuri tonu ngā manu i ō rātou rahui pūngao, ka heke te pH i muri i te matenga, ā, ka pai ake te kounga o te mīti, ka nui ake hoki te utu.
Te Whakaiti i te Mate me ngā Whakahē:Ārai tika i ngā mate mai i te hyperthermia me te whakamomori. Whakaitihia ā-tika te mate mai i te whakamomori (pileping) me ngā mate tuarua e kino haere ana i te kounga o te hau. Ka whakaitihia hoki ngā whiunga nā te septicemia/toxemia e hono pinepine ana ki te ahotea wera.
Te Whakawhitinga Whāngai Whakapai Ake (mō ngā kaiwhakatipu/ngā kurī):Ka roa ake te wā e ora ai ngā manu i pāngia e te ahotea nui i te wā e kawehia ana, ā, ka hoki anō ki te tipu pai me te kai pai. Mā te hauhautanga pai ka whakaitihia tēnei raruraru.
Whakatau:
Ehara i te mea he wāhanga noa iho te pūnaha hauhautanga i roto i te waka kawe heihei; he hanganga nui e pupuri ana i te ora, te oranga, me te uara o te hua. Koinei te parepare matua ki ngā mea whakamate e toru, arā, ko te ahotea wera, ngā hau whakamomori, me te puehu mate. Ko te haumi ki te hauhautanga pakari, hoahoa pai – kei roto ko ngā hau whakamomori e ranea ana, e whakanuia ana e ngā pā mīhini kaha, pono me te whakahaere hau atamai – kāore e taea te whiriwhiri mō te kawe heihei tika. Ka puta tika tēnei ki te iti ake o ngā manu mate, te whakaiti i ngā whakahē, te kounga mīti teitei ake, te whakapai ake i te whai i ngā ture mō te oranga, ā, i te mutunga, he mahi pumau ake, he mahi whai hua ake. Kaua e tukua ō manu kia haere i roto i te pouaka wahangu, whakamomori. Whakatairangahia te hauhautanga – kia whakarite ko ia manawa e tangohia ana e rātou i te haerenga he taahiraa ki te taenga haumaru me te hua kounga. Me tono kia hangaia ngā wakatō kia manawa. Ko ō manu, ko tō hua, me tō ingoa rongonui e whakawhirinaki ana ki tēnā.